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て形+ある (て在る・て有る) [〜てある] (tearu)
Meaning: Vte something has been purposely put into a state
Example: The window has been closed.
JLPT Level: 3
Category: grammar
Author: Amatuka
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| Notes:
| てある only combines with transitive verbs, never intransitive.
The result of transitive + てある is an intransitive itself.
窓が開いている -> The window is open. (no agent or reason implied)
窓が開けてある -> The window is open (because someone opened it). |
(kurisutofu) |
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| Examples:
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Help JGram by picking and editing examples!! | See Also:
- teiru (While both てある and ている can be used to indicate an ongoing state, the former indicates /someone/ put it into that state.) [Amatuka]
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| Comments:
| | Amatuka | Compare
窓が開いている。[mado ga hiraiteiru]
The window is open.
窓が開けてある。[mado ga aketearu]
The window has been opened. | | | bi-ru | Note that tearu only combines with transitive verbs, never intransitive. The result of transitive + tearu is an intransitive itself.
| | | k-dogg | and... my mind has been blown. | | | Futaro | I saw ex 3250 and looking the little window I read: "mado ga aketearu
and ex. 3251: mado ga shimete aru.
Then, I saw Amatukaﾂｴs comments and I constat that I was wrong. How can I know which of the reading of the kanji in the little window is correct.
Thank you for your help. | | | Tenorikuma | Amatuka is wrong on pronunciation.
窓が開いている -> まどがあいている
As Bi-ru notes, the ている form is resultative for intransitive verbs, but the てある form lets you take a transitive verb and do the same thing.
窓が開いている -> The window is open. (no agent or reason implied)
窓が開けてある -> The window is open (because someone opened it). | | | tigert | Amatuka`s pronunciation isn`t wrong. 開く can be pronounced あく or ひらく they both mean the same thing. but あく is used for things that swing open and ひらく is used for things that slide open. IE sliding doors, windows, etc... | | | mochabean | Aha, I've always wondered about the difference between the two readings. So does that mean that the example here with the window will be read differently depending on whether it is the kind of window that swings or slides? :) | | | kurisutofu | bi-ru and Tenorikuma, I have taken the liberty to add a note with the comments you did.
Hope you don't mind. | | |
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